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The function and application of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM)

Sep 19, 2022

S-adenosyl-L-methionine (S-adenosylmethionine, SAM, CAS: 29908-03-0) is an important metabolite ubiquitous in all biological cells and a physiologically active molecule existing in human tissues and body fluids. It participates in the transmethylation reaction, transsulfurization reaction and transaminopropyl reaction of cells. As the methylation modification, sulfur group storage and transfer of important intracellular molecules, it plays an irreplaceable role in the synthesis of arginine and arginine. effect.

S-adenosylmethionine is the only injection drug among the liver-protecting and choleretic drugs, namely S-adenosylmethionine butanedisulfonate for injection, with remarkable curative effect and no side effects, and is favored by patients. At the same time, SAM also has a good therapeutic effect on depression and arthritis, and its market demand is huge.

1. Liver disease

The results of the study show that SAM has a very good effect on viral hepatitis, cholestasis, liver damage caused by alcohol, including liver cirrhosis and some other liver dysfunction.

(1) Treatment of viral hepatitis: Viral hepatitis is a common liver-damaging disease. Common pathogens include hepatitis A, B, C, E virus infection and some other hepatotropic virus infections. Many hepatitis virus infections, especially during acute infection, often manifest cholestatic jaundice. Many studies have shown that S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) has a significant effect on the treatment of acute and chronic viral hepatitis with abnormal liver function. And no adverse reactions occurred during the use of SAM treatment, and no adverse effects caused by the drug were found in the examination of blood, urine routine and renal function.

(2) Treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis: Intrahepatic cholestasis can be seen in various acute and chronic liver diseases, drugs, surgery, shock, systemic infection, pregnancy, etc., and can cause damage to multiple organs in the body, including heart, liver, kidney, etc. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis is very important. In addition to treatment for the cause, early, rapid and lasting reduction of bilirubin levels and improvement of liver cell function are the keys to treatment. S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) generates phosphatidylcholine and methylated phospholipids through transmethylation, improves the fluidity of cell membranes, and participates in the generation of glutathione through transsulfation, and promotes the uptake of bile acids and bile acids by hepatocytes. It secretes bile, and studies have confirmed that SAM can effectively treat intrahepatic cholestasis in the pre-cirrhotic stage.

(3) Treatment of alcoholic liver disease: In recent years, the incidence of alcoholic liver disease has gradually increased in our country, and it currently ranks second only to viral hepatitis among all liver disease cases. Alcoholic hepatitis may cause abnormal adenosylmethionine metabolism, reduce its synthesis and supply in the liver, impede transmethylation and transsulfation, lead to abnormal bile flow and liver damage, and reduce liver detoxification capacity. S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) can play the role of anti-infection, supplement liver active molecules and improve liver function, and can reduce the damage of various toxic substances to liver cells. The results of the study showed that S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) has a good effect in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease, and ALT, AST, γ-GT (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase) decreased significantly after treatment , the clinical effective rate and the improvement rate of liver function were better than those of the control group, and no obvious adverse reactions were found during the treatment. Studies have found that S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) in the treatment of patients with alcoholic hepatitis can significantly improve their symptoms such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, abdominal distension, skin itching, and at the same time, it has good effects in reducing serum bilirubin and improving liver function. Effect.

2. Depression

S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) formulations have been used to treat depression since the late 1970s. S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) can be coupled with folic acid and participate in the synthesis of central neurotransmitters. Transmethylation plays an important role in the physiological activities of brain tissue and cells. As a methyl donor, SAM can affect the synthesis and metabolism of various neurotransmitters, such as dopamine in the brain. At the same time, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) promotes the phosphorylation of proteins and enhances signal transduction in the cerebral cortex, thereby effectively improving the symptoms of depression, improving the mood of depressed patients, suppressing mania, eliminating guilt and suicidal tendencies, and improving the patient's of sluggish response. Clinical studies confirm the antidepressant effect of S-adenosylmethionine.

3. Arthritis

S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) has anti-inflammatory, pain relief and help tissue regeneration functions. As early as the late 1970s, SAM was used as an anti-inflammatory pain reliever for the treatment of arthritis in the European pharmaceutical market. It is as effective for osteoarthritis as ibuprofen and naproxen, but with far fewer side effects.

4. Anti-tumor

Studies have found that changes in methylation status are an important factor in causing tumors, and hypomethylation defects are widespread in malignant tumors. SAM, the active form of methionine, is the most important methyl donor in the body, and DNA methylation occurs under the catalysis of DNA methyltransferase. In recent years, domestic and foreign literatures reported that SAM can promote apoptosis and inhibit growth of breast cancer, colon cancer, gastric cancer and liver cancer cells.

Tags : S-adenosylmethionine S-adenosyl-L-methionine SAM

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