Glucosamine(CAS No.: 3416-24-8, C6H13NO5), the full name of D-glucosamine, referred to as glucosamine, is a natural amino monosaccharide, which is necessary for the synthesis of proteoglycans in the matrix of human articular cartilage.
Physiological properties of glucosamine
Glucosamine is a substance synthesized in the human body, an important nutrient for the formation of cartilage cells, and a natural tissue component of healthy articular cartilage. With age, the lack of glucosamine in the human body becomes more and more serious, and the articular cartilage continues to degrade and wear out. Glucosamine can promote cartilage synthesis, inhibit the breakdown of articular cartilage, and also has anti-inflammatory effects. And can stimulate the growth of chondrocytes.
Applications of Glucosamine
1. Immunomodulatory aspects
Glucosamine participates in sugar metabolism in the body, exists widely in the body, and has a very close relationship with humans and animals. Glucosamine participates in the protection of the body by combining with other substances such as galactose, glucuronic acid and other substances to form important products with biological activities such as hyaluronic acid and keratin sulfate.
2. Treats Osteoarthritis
Glucosamine is an important nutrient for the formation of human cartilage cells, the basic substance for the synthesis of aminoglycans, and the natural tissue component of healthy articular cartilage. With age, the lack of glucosamine in the human body becomes more and more serious, and the articular cartilage continues to degrade and wear out. Numerous medical studies in the United States, Europe and Japan have shown that glucosamine can help repair and maintain cartilage and stimulate the growth of cartilage cells.
3. Antioxidant and anti-aging
Some scholars have studied the antioxidant capacity of chitosan oligosaccharide and its protective effect on CCl4-induced liver injury in mice. The results show that chitosan oligosaccharide has antioxidant capacity and has a relatively obvious protective effect on CCl4-induced liver injury in mice. However, it does not alleviate oxidative damage to DNA. Another study on the improvement of glucosamine on CCl4-induced liver injury in mice, the results show that glucosamine can improve the activity of major antioxidant enzymes in the liver of experimental mice, while reducing the content of AST, ALT and malondialdehyde (MDA) , indicating that glucosamine has a certain antioxidant capacity, but can not reduce the oxidative damage of CCl4 to mouse DNA. Some scholars have studied the antioxidant properties of glucosamine and the ability to activate immune responses through various in vitro and in vivo methods. The results show that: Glucosamine can chelate Fe2+ very well, and at the same time can protect lipid macromolecules from being damaged by hydroxyl radical oxidation, and has antioxidant capacity.
4. Antiseptic and antibacterial
Some scholars selected 21 common food spoilage bacteria as experimental strains, and studied the antibacterial effect of glucosamine hydrochloride on these 21 bacteria. The results showed that glucosamine had obvious antibacterial effect on 21 kinds of bacteria commonly found in food, and glucosamine hydrochloride had the most obvious antibacterial effect on bacteria. With the increase of the concentration of glucosamine hydrochloride, the antibacterial effect gradually became stronger.
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