2'-FL (2'-Fucosyllactose), a prominent constituent of neutral fucosylated Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs), is most abundantly found in human breast milk. Renowned for its diverse functional attributes, it plays a pivotal role in regulating intestinal microbiota, preventing pathogenic bacterial adhesion, modulating the immune system, and fostering nervous system development and repair.

Presently, the commercial production of 2'-FL(CAS No.: 41263-94-9) primarily employs three methods: Chemical synthesis, Enzyme-catalyzed synthesis, and Microbial fermentation.

(1) Chemical synthesis entails the use of costly raw materials and involves a labor-intensive, time-consuming production process.

(2) Enzyme-catalyzed synthesis, although offering mild, controllable reaction conditions and facilitating easy product purification, requires specific fucosyltransferase enzymes. Despite its advantages, the high cost of glycosyl donors impedes widespread industrial adoption. However, advancements in protein engineering show potential for enhancing glycosyltransferase efficiency, although industrial implementation may necessitate further development time.

(3) Microbial fermentation production is currently the main method to produce 2'-FL in industry. It is based on the metabolic mechanism of the microorganism itself (or simulated), using cheap carbon sources and enzymes, metabolic intermediates and energy in the microorganism's own cells to directly biosynthesize 2'-FL. In this process, the enzyme fragments that were originally lacking in the original host cells were expressed through genetic engineering techniques to add the missing functions. This method is relatively inexpensive and suitable for mass production.

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