In the design phase, researchers identify the specific gene or genes associated with the desired enzyme. This may involve selecting genes from natural sources or designing synthetic genes with desired characteristics.
The designed genes are then introduced into the cells through external intervention. This can be achieved using various techniques, such as gene delivery vectors or gene-editing tools like CRISPR-Cas9. These methods allow researchers to manipulate the genetic material within the cells, introducing the desired genetic modifications.
After the successful introduction of the edited genes, the cellular machinery reads and interprets the genetic information to produce mRNA. The mRNA serves as a template for protein synthesis. The cell's ribosomes then translate the mRNA into the corresponding protein – in this case, the customized enzyme. The level of expression can be controlled and optimized through various factors, such as promoter strength and environmental conditions.
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